Ratchet-drill.



No. 634,594. Patented Oct. I0, 1899.

C. S. STAFFORD.

RATCHET DRILL.

(Applicgtion filed Apr. 18, 1899. (No Model.) 2 Sheats$heet I.

Patented Oct. l0, I899.

0. s. STAFFORD. RATCHET DRILL.

(Application filed Apr. 18, 1899.)

2 sheets she'et 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT O FICE.

CHARLES S. STAFFORD, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOHN H. BLAKEWAY, OF SAME PLACE.

RATCHET-DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 634,594, dated October 10, 1899.

' Application filed April 18, 1899.

To coll whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES S. STAFFORD, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San'FranciscmState of California, have invented an Improvement in Ratchet-D rills; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to improvements in that classof drills which are actuated by a reciprocating lever and pawl-and-ratchet mechanisms known as ratchet-drills.

It consists, essentially, in the combination of mechanism whereby a partial'turn of the drill is effected by each forward and back* wardmovement of the lever.

It also comprises means for reversing the movement of the drill and details of construction, which will be more fully explained by reference to the accompanying drawings, in

which I Figure 1 is a vertical section through the drill. Fig. 2 is a top View of the same. Fig. 3 is a top view of the intermediate gearing and showing three bevel-pinions. Fig. 4 is a view of the stationary structure of the drill. Fig. 5 is a view of the feed. Fig.- 6 is an external view of the drill, the ratchet-wheels being shown incased.

A is a hollow cylinder head or casing from one side of which the handle A projects. Within this casing is an annular ring or carrier B, about which the casing is loosely turnahle, and a web extends from the peripheral part of the annular ring to the center, where it unites with and is supported by the central hollow sleeve B, through which the shank of the feed-screw and drill-carrier 0 pass. The web has a plurality of open channels formed in it, as shown at B and within these channels are journaled'the beveled pinions D, of which there may be two, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or three, as shown in Fig. 3, the shafts of which are radially disposed between the outer ring and the central sleeve. Two or more of these pinions may be thus journaled to properly balance and act upon the gears E and F, one of which is formed with or fixedly united to a ratchet-wheel E and the other is correspondingly fixed to or formed with a ratchet-wheel F. These gears Serial No. 713,493. No model.)

engage the bevel-pinion upon opposite sides of their axes. One of these gears and ratch ets is turnable upon the central hollow sleeve or spindle B at one side of the weband pinions and the other upon the other side, so that the teeth of both gears E and F engage with the teeth of the pinions, and while one rotates inone direction by reason of this engagement the other will rotate in the opposite direction.

The drill fits into the socket at the lower end of the feed and carrier spindle O, and this screw-spindle is turnable in an exterior socket-piece G, screw-threaded, so that the drill may be advanced as the out progresses by simply turning the two with relation to each other so as-to advance the drill and its carrier. The upper end of the socket G contacts with the endof a stationary yoke H, being turnable with relation thereto, and this end of the socket-piece G is either m'adecont cal to fit a correspondinglyrshaped depression in the yoke or it may have a head with grooves in its face and in the corresponding face of the yoke to form a raceway for balls, which thus allow the socket-piece to be turned freely when desired. The yoke has its ends fixed to a disk H, which surrounds the sleeve B and is fixed thereto, so that the yoke, the disk, the sleeve with the web, and the outer ring 13 form a stationary structure within and about which the other parts are movable.

The object of the construction here shown is to advance the drill with each forward and backward movement of the lever, and to effect this I have shown pawls I and I, pivoted upon opposite sides of the part A, so that the end'of one of the pawls engages the ratchet F and the other the ratchet F. These pawls. are normally held in position by means of springs J, which engage and return them to their normal position when they have been temporarilymoved to one side by the turning of the ratchets. Stops K are fixed upon turnable pins L, which are journaled on the casing A in such relation to the pawls that of the stops to prevent its-moving in that direction, thus temporarily holding the ratchetwheel with which it engages, while the other side of the opposite pawl correspondingly one side of one of the pawls contacts with one too the gear which is fixed to this ratchet-wheel,-

will be acted upon through the ratchet E and its gear-wheel by the turning of the handle, and through this connection the spindle C will also be turned, carrying with it the drill. The operation will then be as follows: The drill being set up at any point where work is to be done, the upper face of the yoke H being prevented from turning by projecting pins or othercorrugations, itis pressed against any suitably-disposed support, and the point of the drill resting against the surface which is to be perforated a movement of the handle A in one direction will cause one of the pawls I or I to be pressed against the stop K and temporarily prevented from turning. By the first movement'of the lever-arm in one direction it is now assumed that the pawl which engages the ratchet F contacts with. its stop, so that the ratchet cannot turn with relation to the handle. It is therefore moved in unison with the handle and will thus advance the spindle C and the drill a distance equal to the distance to which the handle is turned. Then the handle is brought back in the opposite direction, the pawl I, which engages the ratchet-wheel E upon the opposite side, will contact with its stop K, and the return movement of the handle will cause this pawl to turn the ratchet E in unison with thereturn movement of the handle. This movement, acting through its gear-wheel, turns the pinions D, and these pinions act upon the gear which is connected with the ratchet F to turn it in the opposite direction, and as this presses its pawl I away from the stop the spring which holds the pawl will yield and allow the pawl to pass over the teeth of the ratchet while this portion of the movement takes place, so that the drill will be advanced in the same direction by this return movement of the lever that it was by the previous movement in'the opposite direction. The action of the pawls and ratchets is alternate, one being held by its stop while the handle is being moved in one direction, while the other moved over the teeth of its ratchet to allow of this motion and, the reverse action taking place when the handle is returned, while the forward movement of the drill-spindle and drill is effected at each movement of the lever.

If it is desired to reverse the movement of the drill and to back it out, it is done by turning the stems which carry the stops K a half-revolution. This removes the stop K from one side of the pawl Iand turns a simimove in unison when the handle A is moved and no feed will take place; but Whenever the socket-piece G is retarded or held sta tionary then the spindle 0, having screwthreads which are turnable in the socketpiece, will be advanced, and thus advance the drill through the hollow sleeve B as long as the socket-piece G is prevented from turning. This may be effected by taking hold of a disk G which is fixed to the socket-piece, orpreferably by In cans of a brake or frictional plate G which is adapted to contact with one side of the socket-piece G and is moved by means of a thumb-screw passing through a collar N, fixed to the yoke, said thumb-screw having a milled head G projecting through the side of the yoke in a convenient position to be operated by the user of the tool. Thus under normal conditions the screw will be turned back, so that the brake G will not press upon the socket-piece and the latter will turn with the drill without advancing the latter. By turning the screw by its milled head the brake may be pressed against the socket-piece, so as to retard it or stop it, as the case may be, and the screw-spindle C will then turn independently and will advance the drill as much as may be desired. The drill may be retracted, as previously stated, by the reversal of the stops which engage the two parts, or it may be retracted directly without its turning by turning the socket-piece by hand, so that it will withdraw the screw-threaded spindle and the drill without the latter turning.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a drill, a hollow head with a handle by which it may be turned, a stationary ring fitting within said head having a central sleeve through which the drill-spindle and socket-piece pass, beveled pinions journaled radially within the stationary ring, ratchets having beveled gears attached to themand engaging the pinions upon opposite sides, one of said ratchets having a key or feather which engages a corresponding keyway in the drill-spindle, pawls pivoted upon the head or handle engaging the ratchets and stops against which the opposite sides of the pawls contact to alternately prevent one ratchet from turning while the other is allowed to move freely.

2. In a drill, a threaded spindle by which the drill is carried, a socket-piece in which the threaded spindle is turnable, a fixed yoke against which the outer end of the socketpiece contacts and is turnable,a central sleeve through which the socket-piece passes, said sleevebeing rigid with the fixed yoke and having a web and outer peripheral ring, a

corresponding hollow circular head which is turnable about said ring and a lever by which it is moved, pinions radially journaled in the web, beveled gears carried by the ring and ratchets which engage opposite sides of the pinions, spring pressed pawls engaging said ratchets and stops carried upon the head and so disposed with relation to the pawls that one of said pawls engages its ratchet to ad-' Vance it when the lever is moved in one direction and is released to allow the ratchet to turn freely when the handle is moved in the other direction while the opposite pawl is engaged and released by its stop in alternation therewith.

3. In a ratchet-drill, a spindle carrying the drill at one end and being threaded and turnable within a socket piece, a fixed yoke against which the opposite end of the socket-- piece contacts and is turnable, a sleeve rigid with theyoke and having radially-journaled beveled piuions turnable within a hollow v head from which the actuating-lever projects,

ratchets engaging the pinions upon opposite sides whereby the ratchets and gears will be turned in opposite directions, a keyway and feather by which the drill-spindle engages and is turnable with one of the ratchets while advancing with relation thereto, springpressed pawls mounted upon the turning head engaging the ratchets and reversible stops against which opposite sides of the pawls contact whereby each ratchet is alternately allowed to turn in one direction and prevented from turning in the other direction or the movement thereof reversed.

4. In a drill of the character described, a drill-carrying feed-spindle, a socket-piece in which the spindle is turnable, a yoke and a sleeve rigid therewith, through which the socket-piece passes, and a ring rigid with the sleeve, the actnating-ratchets, the pinions mounted in the fixed ring and sleeve and disposed between the rate-bets, a lever and pawls for operating the ratehets, a brake-shoe, and an actuating-screw carried by the fixed yoke and adapted to contact with and retard or stop the rotation of the socket-piece whereby the rate of advance of the drill is regulated.

5. In a ratchet-drill of the character described, the double ratchets, gears, a sta tionary yoke and a sleeve and ring rigid therewith, said sleeve and ring having said gears mounted between them, a head turnable about said ring and pinions and a lever by which it is moved, and pawls carried upon the head and engaging the ratchets whereby the latter are alternately advanced to turn the drill with each reciprocation of the lever, the feed-screw spindle and socket-piece in which it is turnable, said socket-piece having the ball-bearing disk and raceway at its head and a corresponding raceway in the yoke and balls fitted in said raceway, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES S. STAFFORD. 

